Makina opangira matabwa ndi mtundu wa chida chamakina chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matabwa kuti akonze matabwa omwe amalizidwa. Zida zomwe makina opangira matabwa ndi makina opangira matabwa.
Cholinga cha makina opangira matabwa ndi matabwa. Wood ndiye chinthu choyambirira chomwe anthu adapeza ndikugwiritsa ntchito zopangira, komanso kukhala ndi anthu, kuyenda, ndiubwenzi wapamtima. Anthu adziwa zambiri pakukonza nkhuni kwanthawi yayitali. Zida zamakina opangira matabwa zimapangidwa kudzera pakupanga kwa anthu kwanthawi yayitali, kupezeka kosalekeza, kuwunika kopitilira muyeso ndikupanga kopitilira muyeso.
M'nthawi zakale, anthu ogwira ntchito adapanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zamatabwa pantchito yawo yayitali yopanga. Chida choyambitsira matabwa chinali macheka. Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, macheka oyamba a "Shang ndi Zhou" adapangidwa munthawi ya mafumu achi Shang ndi Western Zhou, zaka zoposa 3,000 zapitazo. Chida chakale kwambiri chopangira matabwa chomwe chidalembedwa m'mbiri yakunja ndi ulusi wopangidwa ndi Aiguputo ku BC Makina oyeserera oyamba, omwe adatulukira ku Europe mu 1384 ndi mphamvu yamadzi, mphamvu zanyama ndi mphamvu ya mphepo kuyendetsa tsamba la macheka pobwezeretsa kudula zipika, ndikupitiliza kwina kwa zida zopangira matabwa.
Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, makina amakono opangira matabwa adabadwa ku UK, ndipo m'ma 1860 "Industrial Revolution" idayamba ku UK, ndikupita patsogolo kwamakina opanga ukadaulo, komanso kudalira koyambirira kwa ntchito zamanja pamaindasitale adafika pokonza makina. Kupala matabwa kunagwiritsanso ntchito mwayiwu kuyambitsa makina. Kupanga kwa S. Benthem, wopanga zida zankhondo waku Britain yemwe amadziwika kuti "bambo wa makina opanga matabwa", ndiwodziwika kwambiri. Kuyambira 1791 mtsogolo, adapanga pulaneti lathyathyathya, makina amphero, makina obowola, macheka ozungulira ndi makina obowoleza. Ngakhale makinawa anali osamangidwa bwino ndi matabwa monga thupi lalikulu ndipo zida zokha ndi zonyamulira zinali zopangidwa ndi chitsulo, zidawonetsa kuyendetsa bwino poyerekeza ndi ntchito zamanja.
Mu 1799, MI Bruner adapanga makina opangira matabwa pamakampani opanga zombo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti chiwonjezeke chachikulu. 1802 ndi pomwe mngelezi Bramah adapanga kupanga gantry planer. Amakhala okonza zopangira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito patebulopo, ndi mpeni woyendetsa womwe umazungulira pamwamba pa chopangira ntchito ndikulinganiza chogwirira ntchito zamatabwa pomwe tebulo limayenda mobwerezabwereza.
Mu 1808, Chingerezi William Newbury adapanga gantry planer. Williams Newberry adapanga band saw. Komabe, gululi lidawona kuti silinagwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa chakuchepa kwaukadaulo komwe kunalipo panthawiyo popanga ndi kuwotcherera masamba amchenga. Sizinapitirire zaka 50 pamene a ku France adakwanitsa kupanga njira zowotcherera masamba ndipo gululi lidayamba kufala.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19, chitukuko chachuma ku United States, anthu ochuluka ochokera ku Europe adasamukira ku United States, kufunika kokhala ndi nyumba zambiri, magalimoto ndi mabwato, kuphatikiza United States ili ndi nkhalango yolemera yomwe ili ndi izi , Kukula kwa mafakitale opanga nkhuni, makina opangira matabwa apangidwa kwambiri. 1828, Woodworth (Woodworth) adapanga makina osindikizira amtundu umodzi, kapangidwe kake ndi kozungulira kozungulira komanso kodyetsa odyetserako. Makina odyetserako samangodyetsa nkhuni komanso amagwiranso ntchito ngati kompresa, kulola kuti nkhuni zizikwanira makulidwe ofunikira. Mu 1860, bedi lamatabwa linasinthidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunuka.
Mu 1834, George Page, waku America, adapanga pulani yamatabwa. George Page adapanga makina oyendetsa phazi oyendetsa phazi; JA Fag ndiye adapanga makina oyimitsa ndi kugwedeza; Greenlee adapanga makina oyambira kwambiri osanja ndikuwombera mu 1876; woyendetsa lamba woyambirira adapezeka mu 1877 mufakitole yaku America ku Berlin.
Mu 1900, USA idayamba kupanga ma saw band awiri.
Mu 1958, USA idawonetsa zida zamakina a CNC, ndipo patatha zaka 10, UK ndi Japan adapanga makina a CNC opangira matabwa.
Mu 1960, United States inali yoyamba kupanga chophatikiza matabwa.
Mu 1979, kampani ya ku Germany ya mbendera ya buluu (Leits) idapanga chida cha diamondi cha polycrystalline, moyo wake ndiwosachepera 125 poyerekeza ndi zida zama carbide, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati bolodi yolimba kwambiri ya melamine veneer, fiberboard ndi plywood processing. M'zaka 20 zapitazi, ndikukula kwa zamagetsi ndi ukadaulo wa CNC, zida zamakina zopangira matabwa nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi ukadaulo watsopano. 1966, kampani yaku Sweden Kockum (Kockums) idakhazikitsa chomera choyambira pamakompyuta choyendetsedwa ndi kompyuta. 1982, kampani yaku Britain Wadkin (Wadkin) idapanga makina opangira CNC ndi malo opangira ma CNC; Kampani ya Italy SCM idapanga makina opangira zida. Mu 1994, kampani yaku Italy ya SCM komanso kampani yaku Germany HOMAG idakhazikitsa mzere wosinthira mipando yakakhitchini ndi mzere wosinthira mipando yamaofesi.
Kuchokera pakupangidwa kwa injini ya nthunzi kufikira nthawi ino ya zaka zopitilira 200, makina opangira zida zamatabwa m'maiko otukuka, kudzera pakupitiliza kopitilira muyeso, kukonza, ungwiro, tsopano yakhala yopitilira 120. mitundu yoposa 300, amakhala mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Makina opangira matabwa apadziko lonse lapansi ndi madera otukuka ndi awa: Germany, Italy, United States, Japan, France, Britain ndi Province la China ku China.
Pomwe China idaponderezedwa ndi imprisiti masiku ano, boma loipa la Qing lidakhazikitsa lamulo lotseka pakhomo, lomwe limaletsa chitukuko chamakampani. Pambuyo pa 1950, makina opanga zida ku China adapanga zinthu mwachangu. Zaka 40, China yachoka pakutsanzira, kupanga mapangidwe ake pakudziyimira pawokha ndikupanga makina opangira matabwa. Tsopano pali mitundu yoposa 40, mitundu yoposa 100, ndipo yapanga makina opanga mafakitale kuphatikiza kapangidwe, kupanga ndi kafukufuku wasayansi ndi chitukuko.
Post nthawi: Aug-03-2021